A Systematic Review of Internet of Things Technologies and Their Applications in The Early Detection And Management Of Diabetes Complications.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30953/thmt.v10.582Keywords:
Chronic disease management, diabetes monitoring, Internet of Things, IoT devices, diabetes complicationsAbstract
This study investigated the influence of Internet of Things (IoT) technology on early diagnosis and management of diabetes complications. A search of MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and AJOL discovered 17 randomized controlled trials from 2003 papers, focused on publications in low-resource countries from 2010 to 2024. Only 5.9% of included trials blinded outcome assessors, although 82.4% used genuine randomization. Most of the 14 mobile HbA1c apps studied showed significant benefits, especially those with tailored feedback or physician participation. IoT treatments may help manage diabetes, but they need instructional resources and struggle with accessibility. Health outcomes should be improved via oversight and personalized comments in future research.
Downloads
References
Valsalan P, Hasan NU, Farooq U, Zghaibeh M, Baig I. IoT based expert system for diabetes diagnosis and insulin dosage calculation. Healthcare (Basel). 2023;11(1):12. doi:10.3390/healthcare11010012
Ali et al. A novel approach for best parameters selection and feature engineering to analyze and detect diabetes: machine learning insights. BioMed Res Int. 2023;Article ID 8583210. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8583210
Deepa R, Sivasamy A. Advancements in early detection of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy screening using artificial intelligence. AIP Adv. 2023;13(11). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0172226
Aikaeli F, Njim T, Gissing S, Moyo F, Alam U, et al. Prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in low-and-middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2022;2(6):e0000599.Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000599
Gashaye SN, Sharew IA. Predictors of blood glucose change and microvascular complications of type 2 DM patients in FelegeHiwot and Debre Markos referral hospital, North West Ethiopia. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022;22(1):136. DOI:10.1186/s12902-022-01047-x
Seid MA, Akalu Y, Gela YY, Belsti Y, Diress M, Fekadu SA, et al. Microvascular complications and its predictors among type 2 DM patients at Dessie town hospitals, Ethiopia. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2021;13(1):86. DOI:10.1186/s13098-021-00704-w
World Health Organization. Diabetes. 2024 Nov 14. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes facts & figures [Internet]. Brussels: IDF; [cited 2025 Jun 12]. Available from: https://idf.org/about-diabetes/diabetes-facts-figures/
Dang VA, Vu Khanh Q, Nguyen VH, Nguyen T, Nguyen DC. Intelligent healthcare: integration of emerging technologies and internet of things for humanity. Sensors (Basel). 2023 Apr 22;23(9):4200. doi:10.3390/s23094200. PMID: 37177402; PMCID: PMC10181195.
Ryalat M, ElMoaqet H, AlFaouri M. Design of a smart factory based on cyber-physical systems and internet of things towards industry 4.0. Appl Sci. 2023;13(4):2156. doi:10.3390/app13042156
Mohammed B, Hasan D. Smart healthcare monitoring system using IoT. Int J Interact Mob Technol (iJIM). 2023;17:141-152. doi:10.3991/ijim.v17i01.34675.
Zhang M, Wei E, Berry R, Huang J. Age-dependent differential privacy. Abstract Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGMETRICS/IFIP Performance Joint International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems; 2022. doi:10.1145/3489048.3526953.
Arefin MS, Rahman MM, Hasan MT, Mahmud M. A topical review on enabling technologies for the Internet of Medical Things: sensors, devices, platforms, and applications. Micromachines. 2024;15(4):479. doi:10.3390/mi15040479.
Gandrup J, Staniland K, Sharp CA, Dixon WG. Better digital health data should be the foundation to transform outpatient consultations for people living with long-term conditions. J R Soc Med. 2022 Jun;115(6):208-212. doi:10.1177/01410768221089020. PMID: 35362350; PMCID: PMC9136469.
Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4(1):1. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
Fortmann AL, Gallo LC, Garcia MI, Taleb M, Euyoque JA, Clark T, et al. Dulce Digital: an mHealth SMS-based intervention improves glycemic control in Hispanics with type 2Mohammed B, Hasan D. Smart healthcare monitoring system using IoT. Int J Interact Mob Technol (iJIM). 2023;17:141-152. doi:10.3991/ijim.v17i01.34675. diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(10):1349–55. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-0230
Hussain N, Haddad AHH, Abbas S. Assessing the impact of mobile-based interventions provided by pharmacists on glycemic control and diabetes-related distress in adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan. Pharm Pract. 2024. Available from: https://pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/view/2946
Yoo S, Lee DY, Min KP, Park C. Effect of voluntary participation on mobile health care in diabetes management: randomized controlled open-label trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020;8(9):e19153. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/19153
Saetang T, Greeviroj P, Thavaraputta S, Santisitthanon P, Houngngam N, Laichuthai N. The effectiveness of telemonitoring and integrated personalized diabetes management in people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024;26(11):5233–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15870
Lee EY, Cha SA, Yun JS, Lim SY, Lee JH, Ahn YB, et al. Efficacy of personalized diabetes self-care using an electronic medical record–integrated mobile app in patients with type 2 diabetes: 6-month randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2022;24(7):e37430. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/37430
Hou M, Qiu W, Qi H, Shao H, Yu J, Bian H. Effects of a diabetes education program integrated with text-message support for lifestyle change among older individuals with type 2 diabetes in communities: a randomised controlled trial. Public Health. 2024;235:152–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2024.06.032
Feng Y, Zhao Y, Mao L, Gu M, Yuan H, Lu J, et al. The effectiveness of an eHealth family-based intervention program in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the community via WeChat: randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2023;11:e40420. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/40420
Dunkel A, Von Storch K, Hochheim M, Zank S, Polidori MC, Woopen C. Long-term effects of a telemedically-assisted lifestyle intervention on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes – A two-armed randomised controlled trial in Germany. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2023;23(1):519–32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-023-01290-6
Bouchi R, Izumi K, Ishizuka N, Uemura Y, Ohtsu H, Miyo K, et al. Internet of things‐based approach for glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. J Diabetes Investig. 2024;15(9):1287–96. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.14227
Vaughan EM, Hyman DJ, Naik AD, et al. A telehealth-supported, integrated care with CHWs, and medication-access (TIME) program for diabetes improves HbA1c: a randomized clinical trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2021;36:455–63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06017-4
Park S, Park JH. Effects of digital self-care intervention for Korean older adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial over 12 weeks. Geriatr Nurs. 2024;58:155–61. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.05.019
Lee DY, Yoo SH, Min KP, Park CY. Effect of voluntary participation on mobile health care in diabetes management: randomized controlled open-label trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020;8(9):e19153. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/19153
Lee Y, Kim G, Jun JE, Park H, Lee WJ, Hwang Y, et al. An integrated digital health care platform for diabetes management with AI-based dietary management: 48-week results from a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(5):959–66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-1929
Greenwood DA, Blozis SA, Young HM, Nesbitt TS, Quinn CC. Overcoming clinical inertia: a randomized clinical trial of a telehealth remote monitoring intervention using paired glucose testing in adults with type 2 diabetes. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17(7):e178. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4112
Eghtedari M, Goodarzi-Khoigani M, Shahshahani MS, Javadzade H, Abazari P. Is web-based program effective on self-care behaviors and glycated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2023;28(6):723–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_59_22
Agastiya IMC, Kurianto E, Akalili H, Wicaksana AL. The impact of telehealth on self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review on interventional studies. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2022;16(5):102485. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102485.
Akingbade O, Nguyen KT, Chow KM. Effect of mHealth interventions on psychological issues experienced by women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Nurs. 2023;32(13–14):3058–73. doi:10.1111/jocn.16533.
Akingbade O, Hong KY, Ayo OS, et al. Development and feasibility of an mHealth intervention for psychoeducational support of Nigerian women diagnosed with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A pilot randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2024;19(11):e0314365. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0314365.
Akingbade O, Ayo O, Alade A, et al. Effect of a nurse-led mHealth psychoeducational intervention on self-efficacy, coping and psychological distress of Nigerian women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2024;51(2):E2319–E2320.
Addie L, Fortmann LC, Gallo Maria Isabel Garcia, Mariam Taleb, Johanna A. Euyoque, Taylor Clark, Jessica Skidmore, Monica Ruiz, Sapna Dharkar-Surber, James Schultz, Athena Philis-Tsimikas; Dulce Digital: An mHealth SMS-Based Intervention Improves Glycemic Control in Hispanics With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 1 October 2017; 40 (10): 1349–1355. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-0230
Bouchi R, Izumi K, Ishizuka N, Uemura Y, Ohtsu H, Miyo K, Tanaka S, Satoh-Asahara N, Hara K, Odawara M, Kusunoki Y, Koyama H, Onoue T, Arima H, Tsushita K, Watada H, Kadowaki T, Ueki K. Internet of things-based approach for glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. J Diabetes Investig. 2024;15(9):1287-1296. doi:10.1111/jdi.14227
Akingbade O, Adediran V, Somoye IE, et al. Perceived feasibility and usefulness of mHealth interventions for psychoeducational support among Nigerian women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer: a focus group study. Support Care Cancer. 2022;30(12):9723-9734. doi:10.1007/s00520-022-07403-w.
Guo M, Meng F, Guo Q, Bai T, Hong Y, Song F, Ma Y. Effectiveness of mHealth management with an implantable glucose sensor and a mobile application among Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes. J Telemed Telecare. 2021;29(8):632–40. doi:10.1177/1357633x211020261.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Olapeju Ajibade, PhD student, MSc. (Adult Health Nursing), Oluwaseyi Akpor, PhD, MSc, BNSc, Sunday, Afolalu, PhD, MSc, Gloria Oluwakorede, Alao, BNSc, RN, RM, RPHN, Bose Ogunlowo, BNSc, Oluwatosin Ogunmuyiwa, MSc, BNSc, (Nursing) , Akingbade Oluwadamilare, PhD, MSc, CGNC, RN

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to Telehealth and Medicine Today (THMT).
THMT is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.











