Cost-Effective IoT-Based Real-Time Vital Sign Monitoring: An Affordable Telehealth Solution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30953/thmt.v10.611Keywords:
Blood oxygen levels, ESP32 Devkit V1, MAX30102 sensor, heart rate, remote healthcare, remote patient monitoring, telemedicine, telehealthAbstract
Background:.Maintaining a healthy lifestyle amidst a busy work schedule has become a significant challenge today. Healthcare is evolving with the integration of IoT and machine learning, enabling smarter and more efficient patient care. IoT devices continuously collect real-time health data. This combination will supports proactive healthcare, especially for chronic patients and the elderly.
Objective: This paper aims to propose a new cost-effective patient monitoring system using ESP32 Devkit V1 and MAX30102 sensor for remote and non-invasive collection of the important signs of the human body for the telemedicine use and to improve on the personalized care delivery.
Methods:This is a functional system with hardware and software working together, with one of the systems, the ESP32 Devkit V1 in the processing units. The system displays the real time data, which helps the users to monitor their health conveniently . The IoT architecture employed offers an efficient means of remote monitoring and analysis of the health data.
Results:The new system was able to successfully measure important vital parameters like heart rate and oxygen levels.The system was able to incorporate hardware and software successfully in remote healthcare applications.Pilot validation of test cases gives the accuracy of HR: 99.88%, SpO₂: 99.38%
Discussion: Health is a fundamental aspect of every individual’s life. Incorporating technology for healthcare will help the individual to have personalized care especially when supported by a well trained patient monitoring system. The pilot data are from a small sample.However,Broader clinical validation is required before clinical deployment.
Downloads
References
1. Uddin R, Koo I. Real-time remote patient monitoring: a review of biosensors integrated with multi-hop IoT systems
via cloud connectivity. Appl Sci. 2024;14(5):1876. https://doi. org/10.3390/app14051876
2. Amirrudin NA, Nazreen M, Syafiq MA, Irwan MH, Bolang FA, Putra A, et al. Heart rate sensor with IoT features. E3S
Web Conferences. 2024;516:05002–2. https://doi.org/10.1051/ e3sconf/202451605002
3. Pechrkool T, Kumkhet B, Sangmahamad P, Rakluea P, Wongsin N, Wangwijit T. Telehealth monitoring system based
on LPWAN. 2022 37th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications
(ITC-CSCC), Phuket, Thailand, 2022;978–981. https://doi. org/10.1109/ITC-CSCC55581.2022.9895013
4. Kumar Reddy VM, Achyuth KS, Babu S. Patient health monitoring system using IOT. 2022 8th International Conference on Smart Structures and Systems (ICSSS). Chennai, India, 2022; 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSS54381.2022.9782193
5. Rahman MKK, Nasor MM, Zidan R, Alsarraj I, Hasan B. IOT-based wireless patient monitor using ESP32 microcontroller. 2023 24th International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT). Ajman, United Arab Emirates, 2023;1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACIT58888.2023.10453847
6. Contardi UA, Morikawa M, Brunelli B, Thomaz DV. MAX30102 photometric biosensor coupled to ESP32-
webserver capabilities for continuous point of care oxygen saturation and heartrate monitoring. Engineering Proceedings. 2022;16(1):9. https://doi.org/10.3390/IECB2022-1111
7. Janik P, Janik MA, Pielka M. Monitoring breathing and heart rate using episodic broadcast data transmission. Sensors. 2022;22(16):6019. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22166019
8. Hughes A, Shandhi MMH, Master H, Dunn J, Brittain E. Wearable devices in cardiovascular medicine. Circ Res.
2023;132(5):652–70. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA. 122.322389
9. Takahashi S, Nakazawa E, Ichinohe S, Akabayashi A, Akabayashi A. Wearable technology for monitoring respiratory rate and SpO2 of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review. Diagnostics. 2022;12(10):2563. https://doi.org/10.3390/
diagnostics12102563
10. Qadir Z, Le KN, Saeed N, Munawar HS. Towards 6G internet of things: recent advances, use cases, and open challenges. ICT Express. 2022;9(3):296–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. icte.2022.06.006
11. Aledhari M, Razzak R, Qolomany B, Al-Fuqaha A, Saeed F. Biomedical IoT: enabling technologies, architectural elements, challenges, and future directions. IEEE Access. 2022;10:31306–39. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3159235
12. Williams GJ, Al-Baraikan A, Rademakers FE, Ciravegna F, van de Vosse FN, Lawrie A, et al. Wearable technology and the cardiovascular system: the future of patient assessment. Lancet Digital Health. 2023;5(7):e467–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S2589-7500(23)00087-0
13. Nandi PK, Tabassum T, Ahmad M. Development of an IoTbased automatic remote health monitoring system. J Eng Sci. 2024;14(2):21–30. https://doi.org/10.3329/jes.v14i2.71212
Published
Versions
- 2025-12-31 (2)
- 2025-12-29 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Prema S, ME, G. Krishnapriya, PhD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to Telehealth and Medicine Today (THMT).
THMT is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
